****replication data for: Reed M. Wood. 2024. “The Effects of Electoral Violence on Women’s Legislative Representation”, Political Research Quarterly (forthcoming)



****The dataset initially contains all years available in V-dem, from which several of the key variables are taken. These years can be dropped for convenience, but they should be added back in to run the robustness checks reported in Table A5 of the appendix****


drop if year < 1990

drop if year > 2012 


*************************
****Analyses*************
*************************

xtset ccode election_counterVdem

***Random Effects (w/lagged DV)

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lag_v2lgfemleg, re 

est store results1

outreg2 using myreg.doc, dec(3) title(Table 1A: Effect of Electoral Violence on Women's Representation)  ctitle(Model 1) label 10pct

*xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_libdem v2x_gencl civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re 

est store results2

outreg2 using myreg.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 2) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg i.year, re 

est store results3

outreg2 using myreg.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 3) label 10pct


***Fixed Effects

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat, fe 

est store results4

outreg2 using myreg.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 4) label 10pct

*xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_libdem v2x_gencl civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe 

est store results5

outreg2 using myreg.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 5) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 i.year, fe 

est store results6

outreg2 using myreg.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 6) label 10pct

coefplot results1 results2 results3, bylabel (Random Effects) || results4 results5 results6, bylabel (Country Fixed Effects) keep(lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_system quota_reserve_sanction v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force_war post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg) xline(0) byopts(xrescale) legend(colfirst) norecycle 


*****Marginal effects

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg i.year, re


margins, at(lnpre_elect_violence_year=(0(0.5)6.5)) atmeans

marginsplot

marginsplot, addplot(histogram lnpre_elect_violence_year, bin(25) frequency yaxis(2) ysc(axis(2) alt))



**********************************
*****Robustness checks************
**********************************

***Excluding countries coded by Vdem as having no or very little multiparty competition (if v2elmulpar_ord > 2)

***Random Effects (w/lagged DV)

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lag_v2lgfemleg if v2elmulpar_ord > 2, re 

est store results7

outreg2 using myreg2.doc, dec(3) title(Table 1B: Effect of Electoral Violence on Women's Representation (Restricted Sample))  ctitle(Model 1) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg if v2elmulpar_ord > 2, re 

est store results8

outreg2 using myreg2.doc, append dec(3) ctitle(Model 2) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg i.year if v2elmulpar_ord > 2, re 

est store results9

outreg2 using myreg2.doc, append dec(3) ctitle(Model 3) label 10pct

***Fixed Effects

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat if v2elmulpar_ord > 2, fe 

est store results10

outreg2 using myreg2.doc, append dec(3) ctitle(Model 4) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 if v2elmulpar_ord > 2, fe 

est store results11

outreg2 using myreg2.doc, append dec(3) ctitle(Model 5) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 i.year if v2elmulpar_ord > 2, fe 

est store results12

outreg2 using myreg2.doc, append dec(3) ctitle(Model 6) label 10pct

coefplot results7 results8 results9, bylabel (Random Effects) || results10 results11 results12, bylabel (Country Fixed Effects) keep(lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_system quota_reserve_sanction v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force_war post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg) xline(0) byopts(xrescale) norecycle


*************************************************************************************
***********Alternative Controls for gender equality and gender attitudes*************
*************************************************************************************


xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem v2x_gencl lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re 

outreg2 using myreg3.doc, dec(3) append title(Table 1A: Effect of Electoral Violence on Women's Representation (Alterantive Covariates)) ctitle(Model 1) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem men_better_leader_ipolate lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re

outreg2 using myreg3.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 2) label 10pct


***Fixed Effects

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem v2x_gencl lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe

outreg2 using myreg3.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 4) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem men_better_leader_ipolate lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe

outreg2 using myreg3.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 5) label 10pct


*************************************************************************************
****************Different Aggregations of Violence/Non-violence*************
*************************************************************************************

xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_intimid lnpre_elect_other_events pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re 

outreg2 using myreg4.doc, dec(3) append title(Table 1A: Effect of Electoral Violence on Women's Representation (Alternative Violence Aggregation)) ctitle(Model 1) label 10pct


xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_intimidation_year lnpre_elect_nv_unrest_year lnpre_elect_state_repress_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re 

outreg2 using myreg4.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 2) label 10pct


xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_intimid lnpre_elect_other_events pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe 

outreg2 using myreg4.doc, dec(3) ctitle(Model 3) label 10pct


xtreg v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_violence_year lnpre_elect_intimidation_year lnpre_elect_nv_unrest_year lnpre_elect_state_repress_year pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe 

outreg2 using myreg4.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 4) label 10pct





*************************************************************************************
****************Instrumental Variables Models*************
*************************************************************************************



ivregress 2sls v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s  v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg (lnpre_elect_violence_year= ln_lag_elect_margin lag_free_fair), first robust 

estat overid

estat endog

weakivtest


ivregress 2sls v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s  v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg i.year (lnpre_elect_violence_year= ln_lag_elect_margin lag_free_fair), first robust 

estat overid

estat endog

weakivtest


ivregress 2sls v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s  v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg i.year (lnpre_elect_violence_year= lag_mostrecent_elect_margin lag_free_fair), first robust 

estat overid

estat endog

weakivtest


ivregress 2sls v2lgfemleg lnpre_elect_nonviolence_year pr_s quota_reserve_s  v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg i.year (lnpre_elect_violence_year= lag_mostrecent_elect_margin), first robust 

*estat overid

estat endog

weakivtest


******Reload data and keep all years to run the last robustness check****
*****These models include alternative mesaures of civil and international conflict and electoral violence, all of which come from the V-dem dataset

*************************************************************************************
****other violence indicators*************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************

xtreg v2lgfemleg pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc e_civil_war e_miinteco post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re

outreg2 using myreg5.doc, dec(3) append title(Table 1A: Effect of Electoral Violence on Women's Representation (Other Violence Measures)) ctitle(Model 1) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc e_civil_war e_miinteco post_peace10, fe

outreg2 using myreg5.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 2) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg v2elpeace pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg, re

outreg2 using myreg5.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 3) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg v2elpeace pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10, fe

outreg2 using myreg5.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 4) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg v2elpeace pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 lag_v2lgfemleg if year > 1990 & year < 2013, re

outreg2 using myreg5.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 5) label 10pct

xtreg v2lgfemleg v2elpeace pr_s quota_reserve_s v2x_egaldem e_miferrat lnpop lngdppc civil_conflict_max force post_peace10 if year > 1990 & year < 2013, fe

outreg2 using myreg5.doc, dec(3) append ctitle(Model 6) label 10pct



*

